Diverticular Disease (DD) of the Digestive Tract. Classification, Types of Complications, and Treatment

IntroductionDiverticular disease (DD) of the digestive system is a common disease with an increasing incidence recorded. The most frequently affected anatomical areas are the distal sections of the large intestine, namely the distal colon and sigmoid colon.AimThe aim of this article is to investigate the frequency of DD, the position of the diverticula, the types of complications and treatment.Material and MethodsThe study was single-center, retro- and prospective, covering 1,879 patients hospitalized at the General Hospital in Pleven for the period 01.01.2022–01.06.2023. A total of 66 patients (3.5%) were diagnosed with DD. Both sexes were affected equally.ResultsThe complications were as follows: bleeding in 39 (59%) patients, and 12 (18%) had the presence of an inflammatory process. Eleven of the patients (16.6%) were operated on. In 27% Hartmann’s resection was performed, in 72%—partial resection or hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis. We have no lethal outcomes in the studied patient group. The operated patients were evaluated according to CDD, Modified Hinchey and Hansen-Stock classifications.ConclusionThe most frequent factors affecting the incidence of DD are the increased survival rate of the population, inadequate prevention of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases, constipation, disturbances in the dietary regimen. The GIT parts affected by DD in the group of patients was of the Western type, i.e., mainly on the left. The most common complication is bleeding, which in most cases is controlled with medication. Operative treatment was applied in cases of diagnosed peritonitis and/or unsatisfactory result of antibiotic treatment

New data about some rare and less known discomycetous fungi from Bulgaria

New data for six discomycetes from orders Helotiales and Rhytismatales in Bulgaria are presented herein. Three of them (Ombrophila violacea, Rutstroemia bulgarioides and R. calopus) are of high conservation value

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT AFTER IATROGENIC LESIONS- OUR EXPERIENCE IN RECONSTRUCTIVE BILE SURGERY

Lesions of ductus choledohus are most common complications of gallbladder surgery. The latter especially became more frequent after the wide spread of laparoscopic technique in biliary surgery. According to various authors, the complications of extrahepatic bile duct represent 0.4 - 0.8% of all mini-invasive gallbladder procedures. Often these complications are a problem of considerable technical difficulty leading to severe complications and a high lethality rate. That is why the case keeps the attention of surgeons in their quest to find the best solution for each case

Records of Naemacyclus and Stictis (Ascomycota) from Bulgaria

Naemacyclus fimbriatus is reported for the second time from the Balkan Peninsula, observed on fallen female pine cones from collections in Vitosha region (Vitosha and Plana Mts) and Rila Mts. Stictis radiata is recorded in Bulgaria on bark of living Platanus tree in Belasitsa Mts. The materials, examined under light microscopes, are presented with brief descriptions and colour illustrations. Notes on the known distribution and ecology are included

Novi i značajni podaci o biljkama, algama i gljivama iz JI Evrope i susednih regiona, 10

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: red algae Lemanea rigida and Paralemanea torulosa, mycorrhizal fungi Amanita simulans and Terfezia pseudoleptoderma, parasitic fungus Microbotryum vinosum, saprotrophic fungus Sarcoscypha jurana, stonewort Chara tenuispina, mosses Brachytheciastrum collinum and Meesia longiseta, monocots Dactylorhiza romana and Neotinea maculata and dicots Adenophora liliifolia, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. cinereum are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions.U radu su prikazani novi i značajni podaci sa područja JI Evrope i susednih regiona o sledećim taksonima: crvenim algama Lemanea rigida i Paralemanea torulosa, mikorizalnim gljivama Amanita simulans i Terfezia pseudoleptoderma, parazitskoj gljivi Microbotryum vinosum, saprofitnoj gljivi Sarcoscypha jurana, pršljenčici Chara tenuispina, mahovinama Brachytheciastrum collinum i Meesia longiseta, monokotilama Dactylorhiza romana i Neotinea maculata i dikotilama Adenophora liliifolia, Ambrosia artemisiifolia i Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. cinereum

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 13

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: brown alga Heribaudiella fluviatilis, red alga Batrachospermum skujae, saprotrophic fungus Gnomonia geranii-macrorrhizi, mycorrhizal fungi Amanita alseides and Russula griseascens, liverwort Ricciocarpos natans, moss Blindia acuta, Leucodon sciuroides var. morensis and Pseudostereodon procerrimus, monocots Allium ampeloprasum, Carex ferruginea and Carex limosa and dicots Convolvulus althaeoides, Fumana aciphylla, Hieracium petrovae, Lamium bifidum subsp. bifidum and Ranunculus fontanus are given within SE Europe and adjacent region

Novi i značajni podaci o biljkama, algama i gljivama iz JI Evrope i susednih regiona, 9

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: red algae Lemanea fucina and Paralemanea annulata, parasitic fungus Anthracoidea pratensis, saprotrophic fungi Cyathus olla, Massaria campestris, and Xylaria sicula, stonewort Chara canescens, liverworts Gymnomitrion commutatum and Porella baueri, moss Acaulon triquetrum, monocots Anacamptis laxiflora, Cephalanthera damasonium, and Himantoglossum robertianum and dicot Jacobaea othonnae are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions.U radu su prikazani novi i značajni podaci sa područja JI Evrope i susednih regiona o sledećim taksonima: crvenim algama Lemanea fucina i Paralemanea annulata, parazitskoj gljivi Anthracoidea pratensis, saprofitskim gljivama Cyathus olla, Massaria campestris i Xylaria sicula, pršljenčici Chara canescens, jetrenjačama Gymnomitrion commutatum i Porella baueri, mahovini Acaulon triquetrum, monokotilama Anacamptis laxiflora, Cephalanthera damasonium i Himantoglossum robertianum i dikotili Jacobaea othonnae

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 14

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom algae Cyclostephanos invisitatus, Cyclotella meduanae, and Stephanodiscus lacustris, mycorrhizal fungi Alessioporus ichnusanus and Amanita mairei, saprotrophic fungi Diaporthe oncostoma, Stropharia albonitens and Pseudomassaria chondrospora, lichenised fungus Acrocordia subglobosa, stonewort Chara connivens, mosses Buxbaumia viridis, Tortella fasciculata and Tortula protobryoides, monocots Epipactis pontica Gymnadenia frivaldii, and Orchis italica and dicots Callitriche brutia, Callitriche platycarpa and Epilobium nutans are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 15

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: saprotrophic fungus Geastrum morganii, Guignardia istriaca and Hypoxylon howeanum, mycorrhizal fungus Amanita friabilis and Suillus americanus, xanthophyte Vaucheria frigida, stonewort Chara hispida, liverwort Calypogeia integristipula and Ricciocarpus natans, moss Campylopus introflexus, Dicranum transsylvanicum, Tortella pseudofragilis and Trematodon ambiguus, fern Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. vulgatum, monocots Epipactis exilis, Epipactis purpurata and Epipogium aphyllum and dicots Callitriche cophocarpa, Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica and Viscum album subsp. austriacum are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions

New records of Diaporthales in Bulgaria. I

One genus (Ditopellina) and three species (Ditopellina saccardiana, Gnomonia nantensis, and G. rosae) of Diaporthales are reported as new to Bulgaria. Nine species (Apiognomonia errabunda, Apioplagiostoma carpinicolum, Apioporthella vepris, Ditopellina saccardiana, Gnomonia comari, G. nervisequa, G. rosae, Hypospilina pustula, and Plagiostoma arnastadtiense) are established on new substrata, and 21 species are recorded from new Bulgarian localities